DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2019.v07i10.013

Pages: 3287-3290

Background: Adenomas are the early stage of colorectal cancer. It represents the 3rd cancer on a global scale. In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of polyps and colorectal cancers is considered low. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of colorectal polyps in the digestive endoscopy center of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar (Senegal) and describe their endoscopic and histological aspects. Material and methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study from January 2008 to December 2015. All patients with one or more polyps with low digestive endoscopy were included. The absence of histological report was a criterion of non-inclusion. Results: Polyps were detected in 177 patients (9.3%) of whom 60 were included (3.1%). There were 45 men and 15 women (sex ratio 3). The average age was 45.2 years [27 months-83 years]. The main indications for endoscopic examination were rectorrhagia in 25 cases (41.7%), intestinal transit disorders in 13 cases (21.7%) and polypectomy in 9 cases (15%). The average size of the polyps was 6.8 mm. The polyps were sessile in 74.5%, pedicled in 21.6% and planed in 3.9%. The localization was right colic in 35% of cases, left colic in 14% of cases, sigmoid in 28% of cases and rectal in 23% of cases. Histology concluded with an adenoma in 31 patients (51.7%). Adenomas were in high grade dysplasia in 6 cases (19.3%). In 2 cases it was carcinoma in situ. Fifteen patients (25%) had hyperplastic polyps. A sporadic juvenile polyp was present in 4 others (6.7%). Inflammatory polyps were found in 7 patients (11.7%). Conclusion: Colo-rectal polyps are relatively rare in African hospitals. The predominant histological type is represented by adenomas. The prevention of colorectal cancer is based on their detection and per-endoscopic excision.