Background: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) require adequate nutrition for growth and development. Children with CHD are often malnourished and with dyspnea, leading to failure to thrive. Children with CHD have a high basal metabolic rate leading to high caloric requirement. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence ofmalnutrition and its impact on children with congenital heart disease in post cardiac surgery. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Bangladesh. Data were collected from January 2019 to January 2020. A total of 40 pediatric patients with CHD admitted for cardiac surgery were included in the study. Sample were collected through purposive sampling as per inclusion criteria. Results: During the study, most of the children belonged to 1 year to 5 years of age group and 60% were male. The nutritional status of the patients before surgery was defined as normal 55%, malnutrition 45%. In malnutrition group heart defect cases was higher than that of normal group. Mean z score for A/W(SEM) was -1.05 in normal group and -3.06 in malnutrition group. Malnourished patients clearly showed a tendency (P=0.005) to have a longer length of intubation, i.e., mean 35.67 hours when compared with those with a normal nutritional status who have mean intubation time of 27.51 hours. The other morbidity factor measured was the length of ICU stay, which also showed a significant result. Conclusion: In Bangladesh, malnutrition is frequent among children with congenital cardiac defects which increases risk of morbidity related with prolonged mechanical ventilation and ICU stays. To minimize potentially harmful effects, the health care system should be able to screen and identify these individuals early on.

COVID 19 pandemic is sweeping across the globe, causing adverse societal and economic consequences affecting mental health. Studies have documented increased prevalence of mental disorders including anxiety. Because of paucity of studies accessing mental disorders, we conducted a comparative study analyzing prevalence of anxiety among different professions using GAD-7 scale during COVID-19 pandemic in India. We conducted this study using completely voluntary anonymous GAD-7 Questionnaire by distributing hard copies and e-copies among > 20 years of age Indians, understanding English and willingness to participate after taking informed consent and ethical committee approval. Prevalence of anxiety among total study population of 4333 was 80.5% including 79.3% medical profession group, 85.1% business group, 79.8% teachers, 78.8% students and 82.4% non-medical profession group. Higher overall prevalence of mild anxiety was observed among all profession groups. Prevalence of mild anxiety was higher in male group and moderate anxiety in females and the difference was statistically highly significant. Results show significantly high prevalence of anxiety among all professions, gender and age groups in Indian population. Globally, COVID-19 pandemic has catastrophic effect on psychosocial and mental health. Our study analyzing prevalence of anxiety among different professions during COVID-19 pandemic in India found significantly high prevalence of anxiety among all professions, gender and age groups, necessitating increased focus on multilevel India specific mental health interventions and strategies for curbing and preventing mental health problems and need for further research.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is compared to traditional open partial nephrectomy and robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy in terms of oncologic and surgical outcomes for renal tumors after good indication. Studies have shown that the modality is feasible with similar oncologic efficacy and better renal function outcomes compared to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) for renal tumors. The main advantages of LPN include decreased estimated blood loss, decreased surgical site pain, shorter postoperative recovery, and nephron preservation. The purpose of this clinical report is to evaluate the surgical techniques and steps and the postoperative sequelae.