Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn has long been used as a medicinal plant in Indonesia. It has similar root morphology to Panax ginseng. Leaves of T.paniculatum is known as a source of flavonoids. It has antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In vitro culture is one of the tools in Biotechnology that can elevate secondary metabolites in cells by adding an elicitor. Methyl Jasmonate is a biotic elicitor that is naturally produced by plants as a defensive response against pathogens. Factors that affect the production of biomass and secondary metabolites are the concentration of elicitor and exposure (elicitation) duration. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate concentration (0,50,100, and 150) µM and elicitation duration (0, 48, 96, 144) hours on callus biomass and flavonoid production of T.paniculatum. The results showed that the increase of methyl jasmonate concentration and duration of elicitation caused a decrease in callus biomass compared to the control. The highest callus (dry weight) biomass (0.062 g/g DW) was recorded in callus cultures elicited in 150 µM methyl jasmonate for 96 hours. Considering the flavonoid content, 150 µM methyl jasmonate with the duration of elicitation of 96 hours also produced the highest flavonoid content measured by TLC stained area (0.121 cm2). It is concluded that the higher concentration of methyl jasmonate and the longer duration of elicitation influenced the inhibition of callus growth but increase the production of flavonoids.

The transdermal route is an important pathway for localized or systemic effects. The stratum corneum, the outer layer of the skin, is an essential skin permeation barrier for many drugs. To overcome this barrier, several techniques have been developed, including the use of the vehicle and nanocarriers to improve drug penetration. Recently, different types of nanocarriers have been designed to improve the dermal and transdermal delivery of medicines like ‘INVASOME’. We made clotrimazole loaded invasome gel which is used in fungal treatment. The procedure used in formulation of invasomal gel is mechanical dispersion method. This preparation is evaluate by many parameters they are appearance, spreadability, solubility, in vitro drug diffusion. And also discuss application of invasome.

Iris claw lenses have been widely used as a method of secondary intraocular lens implantation. Our study consists of evaluation of safety and efficacy of use of iris claw lenses along with the visual outcome in aphakic patients. A prospective study was carried out on 40 aphakic patients undergoing iris claw lens implantation. Aim of our study was to assess the visual outcome and complications of iris fixated intraocular lens implantation in aphakic patients and the objectives were to study the safety and efficacy of Iris claw intraocular lens, to study the visual outcome in patients undergoing iris claw intraocular lens implantation and the complications associated with it. Thorough evaluation of the patient was done prior to the procedure and it was found that iris claw implantation is a safe, effective and easy method with minimal complications to treat aphakia. The anatomical position of lens is well maintained.