DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2022.v10i12.065

Pages: 2460-2468

Thyroid is a ductless alveolar gland found in the neck just below the laryngeal prominence commonly known as Adam’s apple. Thyroid function is controlled by the pituitary gland located in the brain. The pituitary produces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). The thyroid hormones play multifaceted roles in organ development and in the homeostatic control of fundamental physiological mechanisms such as body growth and energy expenditure in all vertebrates. In this article, we discuss the anatomy, cellular structure, embryology, endocrine physiology and clinical relevance of the thyroid gland as well as explore the link between thyroid health & methylation.