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Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy | Volume-8 | Issue-07
Functional Aspects of Autism Spectrum Disorder Review
Anamika P.K, P. Muralidharan
Published: July 22, 2019 |
140
84
DOI: 10.21276/sajp.2019.8.7.4
Pages: 340-344
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Abstract
A budding body of research has investigated the functional development of brain in Autism Spectrum Disorder
(ASD).Brain progress trajectories are different in autism spectrum disorder .Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set
of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by a deficit in social behaviors and nonverbal interactions such as
reduced eye contact, facial expression, and body gestures in the first three years of life. It is not a single disorder, and
it is broadly considered to be a multi-factorial disorder resulting from genetic and non-genetic risk factors and their
interaction. Genetic studies of ASD have identified mutations that interfere with typical neurodevelopment in utero
through childhood. These complexes of genes have been involved in synaptogenesis and axon motility. Recent
developments in neuroimaging studies have provided many important insights into the pathological changes that occur
in the brain of patients with ASD in vivo. Especially, the role of amygdala, a major component of the limbic system
and the affective loop of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit, in cognition and ASD has been proved in
numerous neuropathological and neuroimaging studies. Besides the amygdala, the nucleus accumbent is also
considered as the key structure which is related with the social reward response in ASD. Although educational and
behavioral treatments have been the mainstay of the management of ASD, pharmacological and interventional
treatments have also shown some benefit in subjects with ASD. Also, there have been reports about few patients who
experienced improvement after deep brain stimulation, one of the interventional treatments. The key architecture of
ASD development which could be a target for treatment is still an uncharted territory. Further work is needed to
broaden the horizons on the understanding of ASD