DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2017.v05i12.022

Pages: 4891-4901

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common medical complication seen in pregnancy. Maternal hyperglycemia results in fetal hyperinsulinemia causing an increased rate of perinatal mortality, congenital malformations, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, metabolic complications and birth trauma. The most common congenital malformations seen include cardiac defects, sacral agenesis, neural tube defects and renal abnormalities. A total of 50 patients were taken up for assessment. These were patients who were pregnant and have diabetes prior to their current pregnancy. The numbers of patients among these who were either type 1 diabetic or type 2 diabetic are given in the details of the findings of the study. These were mostly outpatients who came for their regular antenatal check-ups, though some of them, especially those in the third trimester, were admitted for either monitoring of their glucose levels and / or safe confinement. This study is a prospective study with choosing of the subjects done with the help of a small interview prior to the regular ultrasound examination whether they have a history of diabetes before conception. After choosing the appropriate subjects, they are consequently followed up for evaluation and monitoring of the various fetal parameters noted during the ultrasound examination. Some of the main parameters taken into account include the fetal abdominal circumference, the amniotic fluid index, the width of the placenta and if possible, an anomaly scan of the fetus, keeping in mind the limitations regarding the gestational age of the mother. These findings are appropriately tabulated and compared with the existing literature prevailing for this study.