DOI: 10.36347/sajb.2016.v04i10.007

Pages: 822-826

The lifespan of mankind has increased substantially since the beginning of twentieth century due to improved living conditions, better hygiene, above all by the growing importance and development of medical science. Thus, the elderly are expected to comprise a larger proportion of individuals requiring prosthetic rehabilitation. There is hypothesis in literature that systemic factors like Osteoporosis, generalized bone mineral density and body mass index also have significant effects on residual ridge resorption. Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder, which is characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) or changes in the bone microstructure. There is controversy over the relationship between osteoporosis of skeletal and density of jaw bones. In addition, it is not clear whether the quality and quantity of maxillary and mandibular bones decrease parallel with those of other bones or not. Treatment success of dental implants is mainly dependent on the stability of the implant-bone interface. There is insufficient evidence to demonstrate that the quantitative measurement techniques have a reliable prognostic value in predicting loss of implant stability, the damping capacity assessment (Periotest) and the resonance frequency analysis (RFA; Osstell) are currently the objective methods to monitor the state of osseointegration. This literature review has to an extent justified the correlation of bone mineral density on primary implant stability and this information is of extreme relevance for a predictable clinical outcome.