DOI: 10.36347/sajb.2017.v05i07.003

Pages: 481-487

Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness world wide .It remains one of the most devastating chronic complications and is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina. Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy (T2DR) is broadly recognized as a neurovascular disease. Patients suffering from T2DR are one third of human population suffering from diabetes mellitus. Retina is a neuronal tissue of the eye produces neurotrophic factors for its maintenance. Among neurotrophin, Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mainly abundant in blood serum supplies over retina through microvascular system and effective in protecting retina from hyperglycemia. BDNF helps retinal cell survival in a concentration dependent Manner. BDNF may protect retina from hyperglycemia via the TrkB/MAPK pathway and provides pathogenesis of T2DR.DNAmethyltransferases (Dnmts) catalyses methylation of cytosine to 5-methyl cytosine (5mC).Dnmts a family with five different members—Dnmt1, Dnmt2, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b and Dnmt3L; out of which only Dnmt1 Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are catalytically active. Over expression of Dnmt1 leads to down regulation of BDNF gene which causes apoptosis of retinal cells. It has been observed that level of BDNF dysregulates during the pathogenesis in T2DR patients. Present review concluded that the level of 5’ methyl cytosine DNA methylation on BDNF in a retinal cell affects the microvasculature of human retina that can named as neovascularization or any retinal microvasculopathy. The Expression level of 5’methyl cytosine DNA methylation on BDNF between the patient and a healthy person can be important in the establishment of cause of T2DR and may provide hints about their unique role in the pathogenesis of disease.