DOI: 10.36347/sajb.2017.v05i09.002

Pages: 620-621

Acute kidney injury is characterized by abrupt deterioration in kidney function, which is manifested by an increase in serum creatinine level with or without reduced urine output. The spectrum of injury ranges from mild to advanced, sometimes requiring renal replacement therapy. The diagnostic can be used to classify as prerenal, intrinsic renal, or post renal. The initial workup includes a patient history to identify the use of nephrotoxic medications or systemic illnesses that might cause poor renal perfusion or directly impair renal function. It should include measurement of serum creatinine level, complete blood count, urinalysis, and fractional excretion of sodium. Ultrasonography of the kidneys should be done in most patients, particularly in older men, to rule out obstruction. Management involves fluid resuscitation, avoidance of nephrotoxic medications and contrast media exposure, and correction of electrolyte imbalances. Renal replacement therapy (dialysis) is indicated for refractory hyperkalemia. Recognition of risk factors (e.g., older age, sepsis, hypovolemia /shock, cardiac surgery, infusion of contrast agents, diabetes mellitus, pre-existing chronic kidney disease, cardiac failure, liver failure) is important. Team-based approaches for prevention, early diagnosis, and management are critical for improving its outcomes. A 37 years old female admitted with complain of decreased urine output, fever and abdominal pain whose blood sample sent for biochemical analysis showed very high values of urea and creatinine. Urine culture shows high value of pus cells and sugar positive. By analysing this case we discuss the clinical features, diagnosis, cause and treatment of acute kidney injury.