DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2018.v06i02.038

Pages: 670-675

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome of varied severity. It is characterized by a rapid (hrs to weeks) decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and retention of nitrogenous waste products such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. In recent years, it has been recognized that the time-honored term acute renal failure (ARF) fails to adequately describe what is a dynamic process extending across initiation, maintenance and recovery phases, each of which may be of variable duration and severity. The aim of the study was to know the incidence of AKI, to study the etiology and risk factors and clinical outcome of the AKI. All the patients above 18 yrs age who have a rise in serum creatinine levels of atleast 0.3mg/dl or 50% of base line within 24-48 and reduction in urine output to 0.5ml/kg/hr for longer than 6hrs were considered. Of all screened patient 100 satisfied the criteria of hospital acquired acute renal failure which represents 2.27 percent of patients who suffered from hospital acquired acute kidney injury. All patients had only one episode of acute renal failure. In this study, eighteen (18%) patients who developed acute renal failure died. Septicemia was the commonest cause of death in patients of acute renal failure numbering 6 (33.3%).Four (22.2%) patients died due to peripheral circulatory failure. Uncontrolled renal failure was responsible for 3 (16.7%) deaths. Hyperkalemia was the cause of death in 2 patients (11.1%). 2 patients (11.1%) died of gastrointestinal bleed and 1 patient (5.6%) died of pulmonary edema. The frequent and close pre intervention monitoring of serum creatinine in pertinent clinical settings is essential for early detection of AKI; in patients with risk factors.