DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2018.v06i04.036

Pages: 1557-1561

In case of hyponatremia when amount of sodium in fluids outside cells drops, water moves into cells to balance the levels. This causes swelling of cells. Although most cells can handle this swelling, brain cells cannot, because skull bones confine them. Brain swelling causes most of the symptoms of hyponatremia. The sample was collected from, patients admitted in NTU/ICU/CCU and various medical wards of ruby hall Clinic, Pune. The sample size was determined with the help of expert. Diagnosis wise 16 CCF patients, 13 cirrhosis patients, 11 patients of vomiting/diarrhea,9 patients with trauma/blood loss, 2 patients with sepsis and 1 patient each with Hypothyroidism, Pancreatitis and CKD are having urinary sodium < 20 meq/L. In case of urinary sodium >20 meq/L, 34 patients are of SIADH, 17 are of CSW, 13 of Low intake, 12 of CKD, 10 of Diuretic excess, 7 of ARF, 2 of Hypothyroidism and 1 of Vomiting and diarrhea. Shrinkage of the brain triggers demyelination of pontine and extrapontine neurons that can cause neurological dysfunction, including quadriplegia, pseudobulbar palsy,seizures, coma, and even death. Hepatic failure, potassium depletion, and malnutrition increase the risk of this complication.