DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2023.v11i12.001

Pages: 1999-2001

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), elderly people are a population group aged 60 years or more (WHO, 2015). In 2010 the number of elderly people was 18.1 million people or 17.6 percent. In 2014 the number increased to 18.8 million people. In Indonesia, elderly people in 2020 are estimated to reach 28.8 million people or 11.34 percent of the total population in the country. Based on 2018 data, Indonesia Health Research Organization (RISKESDA) stated the majority of elderly people in Indonesia have degenerative diseases and/or chronic health problems, such as diabetes and heart disease (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2018). In the 21st century, a special challenge in the health sector from the continuing increase in the number of elderly people is the emergence of degenerative problems and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and mental health disorders, namely depression, dementia, anxiety disorders, and sleeping disorders. These diseases will cause problems if they are not treated or prevented. Oxygen saturation is the hemoglobin fraction of oxygen saturation relative to the total hemoglobin in the blood or the oxygen level in the blood. Oxygen is bound to Hemoglobin in the Red blood cells or Erythrocytes. The human body needs and regulates a very precise and specific balance of oxygen in the blood, because the human body needs oxygen from the environment outside the body for metabolic processes and body activities. The normal arterial blood oxygen saturation level in humans is 95-100 percent. Based on data from the Global Health Observatory (GHO) from the World Health Organization (WHO), it shows that one third of ischemic heart disease is caused by high cholesterol levels. Overall, elevated cholesterol is estimated to cause 2.6 million deaths (4.5% of total deaths in the world) and 29.7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYS), or 2% of total DALYS. (Increased ......