DOI: 10.36347/sajb.2019.v07i07.001

Pages: 288-293

Healthy eyes are a deep subject in this modern world. There are several diseases that cause complication in vision and sometime cause blindness. Every eye disease disrupts the eye due to damage to different areas of eyes. Few of the ocular disease that acts on retina and cause massive damage to the eye. One of which is known as diabetic retinopathy that occurs in a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus due to excessive glucose stress in the eye. As a result of which, the retinal microvasculature that are responsible for proper blood flow in the four quadrants of the eyes and provide nutrients and proper oxygen supply to it and also act as a blood retinal barrier that protects the retina by excluding circulating molecular toxins, microorganisms, and pro-inflammatory leukocytes gets blocked. As a result of which the oxygen stress is created in the retina. It has been well known that due to the oxygen stress in the new blood vessels are formed in the retina but quite in a different way. The resulting new blood vessel formation is quite different from angiogenesis and known as neovascularization. Neovascularization is a key process for causing diabetic retinopathy in human eyes. At gene level in case of pathogenic condition of type 2 diabetic retinopathy, there is deregulation of various genes that are involved in causing pathogenicity. Actually there is a cascade of various events after which this condition arises. Using gene expression and epigenetic analysis, it has been possible to explore the expression profiling of various gene in the human retinal cell and contribute to understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Additionally, it is possible to provide the support for the involvement of well-characterized biological molecules, and in this way, there is a chance to identify new players in retinal pathologies. It may lead to new to the design of new biological therapies.