DOI: 10.36347/sjmcr.2024.v12i06.029

Pages: 1084-1087

This report describes a case of gliosarcoma (GS), a rare primary malignant brain tumor with a biphasic histological pattern. The patient was a 70-year-old male who presented with gradual memory impairment without signs of increased intracranial pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a heterogeneous right frontal lesion with significant edema, suggestive of a glial tumor. The patient underwent a biopsy, which identified a pseudo-encapsulated, highly vascularized tumor. Histopathological examination showed a malignant, dense tumor proliferation composed of a glial component positive for GFAP and a sarcomatous component positive for vimentin, confirming the diagnosis of GS. The characteristic imaging features of GS, including hypointensity on T2-weighted MRI and ring-like enhancement, were also observed in this case. The patient was treated with maximal safe surgical resection followed by concurrent radiation therapy (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and temozolomide chemotherapy, as per the standard Stupp protocol for glioblastoma. Despite this multimodal approach, the prognosis for GS remains poor, with a median survival time comparable to glioblastoma. This case report illustrates the clinicopathological features of this rare and aggressive primary brain tumor, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management. Ongoing research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic targets to improve outcomes for patients with gliosarcoma.