DOI: 10.36347/sjmcr.2024.v12i06.046

Pages: 1154-1157

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are chronic hematologic disorders marked by the clonal proliferation of myeloid precursors, leading to the overproduction of mature blood cells. Although the concurrent occurrence of myeloproliferative and lymphoid neoplasms is rare, epidemiological studies indicate an increased risk of secondary non-myeloid malignancies, particularly lymphoproliferative syndromes, in patients with MPNs. We present a case of a 52-year-old woman diagnosed with polycythemia vera treated with hydroxycarbamide, who subsequently developed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, after five years. The patient underwent two cycles of R-CHOP (Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisolone). Unfortunately, the patient died due to infectious complications. The coexistence of MPNs and lymphoid neoplasms is rare but clinically significant. The elevated risk of lymphoid neoplasms in patients with MPNs may be due to chronic inflammation, JAK2 mutations, genetic predispositions, and cytoreductive therapies. This case underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring for secondary malignancies in MPN patients and highlights the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in disease progression. This case report contributes to the growing body of evidence linking chronic inflammation and JAK2 mutations with secondary lymphoid neoplasms in MPN patients. Further research is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms of this association and to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.