DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2024.v12i06.012

Pages: 776-785

Background: In resource-constrained healthcare settings, neonatal surgical challenges contribute significantly to elevated morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the demographic distribution, prevalence of surgical conditions, procedural trends, temporal patterns, and postoperative complications in neonates admitted to a government hospital in Bangladesh Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted, analyzing data from neonates admitted to the pediatric surgery unit at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, from January to December 2022. Data were collected using structured forms and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: Of the neonates studied, 58.3% were male, and 41.7% were female. Gastrointestinal system disorders were the most prevalent (50.76%) which was followed by abdominal wall defects (18.94%), central nervous system anomalies 9.1%, head, neck, face, and soft tissue diseases 13.5% and urogenital system issues were only 6.0%. Total mortality was 22.35% with notable death in Gastroschisis (54.16%), Oesophageal atresia (50%) and Intestinal atresia (47.37%). Pelvic Colostomy was the predominant surgical procedure (11.2%), with 62.1% performed within the first three days of life. Postoperative complications affected 16.8% of cases. Conclusion: This study highlights the critical challenges faced by neonates with surgical conditions in resource-limited settings, emphasizing prevalent conditions, temporal distribution patterns, and high mortality rates. Addressing these challenges is essential for improving outcomes and enhancing neonatal surgical care in similar contexts worldwide.