DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2024.v12i08.026

Pages: 1459-1464

Introduction: GCT of the bone are a rare benign but locally aggressive tumors showing histologically mononuclear neoplastic cells associated with multinucleated giant cells. The objective of this work is to relate the anatomo-pathological aspects of this entity and to discuss its differential diagnoses. Case Reports: We conducted a descriptive retrospective study, comprising a series of 42 patients spread over 76 months, from January 2016 to May 2022, including all the patients with bone tumors rich in giant cells. Results: Our results showed 15 cases of GCT, 8 cases of aneurysmal cyst, 7 cases of Chondroblastoma, 4 cases of non-ossifying fibroma, 4 cases of brown tumor 2 cases of osteoblastoma and 2 cases of osteoid osteomas. Discussion: GCT, formerly called osteoclastomas, make up 5% of primary bone tumors. The clinical and radiological features are nonspecific. Microscopic studies show the presence of mononuclear neoplastic cells associated with macrophages and multinucleated "osteoclast-like" giant cells. The differential diagnosis is made with Giant cell-rich osteosarcoma, brown tumor, osteoblastome, osteoid osteomas, Chondroblastoma, aneurysmal cyst and non-ossifying fibroma. GCT has been traditionally treated surgically with curettage and placement of cement, and recently, the use of the new chemotherapeutic drug Denosumab is resulting in a dramatic treatment response. Conclusion: Giant cells bone tumors are a rare locally aggressive benign tumors that can be a real diagnostic challenge due to the large number of bone lesions rich in giant cells. Due to the recent molecular studies, GCT are already benefiting from a targeted anti-RANKL therapy that is particularly useful for locally advanced or metastatic forms.