DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/gamj.2024.v05i04.004

Pages: 126-131

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly malignancy in women. In the United States, breast cancer is the most common female cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Information on established risk factors for breast cancer in humans is examined. The key determinants of risk include age, geographic area of residence, age at first birth, specific markers of ovarian activity, benign breast disease history, and breast cancer in the family. A review of particular etiologic theories is also conducted, taking into account how well they explain or align with the known patterns of risk distribution Although young women with bilateral disease appear to be most significantly implicated by familial variables, it is unknown whether these factors are genetic or environmental in character. The user conducted searches in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases without setting any period limitations. The search term comprised the subsequent terms.: breast cancer, risk factors, incidence, and mortality and a com-bination of these terms Additionally, a comprehensive search was conducted to identify a compilation of relevant papers. Especially in light of Iraq’s alarmingly high breast cancer death rate, the research emphasizes the enormous worldwide burden of breast cancer. It highlights a number of important risk factors among Iraqi women, such as chronological age, level of education, employment (particularly housewifery), genetics, reproductive health, and personal habits. These results highlight the need for early identification tools and focused prevention actions.