DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i09.004

Pages: 400-403

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and progressive condition that places a significant burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems worldwide. Despite advancements in pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, medication non-adherence remains a widespread issue that adversely affects clinical outcomes and healthcare costs. Objective: This narrative review examines the multifactorial barriers contributing to medication non-adherence in HF patients, with a focus on patient-related, medication-related, and healthcare system-related factors in the United States and Saudi Arabia. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2010 and May 2024. The analysis included studies on adult HF patients that evaluated medication adherence and its influencing factors. Data were synthesized into three key categories: patient-related, medication-related, and healthcare system-related barriers. Results: The findings reveal that psychological barriers, such as depression and cognitive decline, significantly reduce adherence. Socioeconomic challenges, including high medication costs and limited insurance coverage, further exacerbate the issue, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Medication-related factors, such as polypharmacy and adverse effects, and healthcare system barriers, such as poor communication and limited access to care, were also significant contributors. Conclusions: Addressing medication non-adherence in HF requires a multidisciplinary approach, including targeted education programs, simplified treatment regimens, and improved healthcare access. The integration of culturally sensitive interventions and digital health solutions offers opportunities to enhance adherence and optimize HF management globally.