DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2014.v02i06.130

Pages: 3499-3503

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of visual impairment in preterm infants worldwide, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Identifying the prevalence and associated risk factors is essential for effective screening and early intervention. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Islami Bank Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2012 to June 2013. A total of 150 preterm infants were enrolled and the prevalence of ROP and its risk factors were assessed. Data on gestational age, birth weight, oxygen therapy, sepsis and apnea were collected. ROP was classified based on the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Results: The overall prevalence of ROP was 30% (45/150), with 77.8% of cases being mild (Stage 1-2) and 22.2% being severe (Stage 3-5). Significant risk factors for ROP included gestational age <32 weeks, birth weight <1500 g, oxygen therapy, sepsis and apnea (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that gestational age <32 weeks, low birth weight, oxygen therapy and sepsis were significantly associated with ROP (p < 0.001). Conclusion: ROP remains a significant concern in preterm infants, with gestational age, birth weight and oxygen therapy identified as major risk factors. Early screening and timely intervention are essential to prevent visual impairment.