DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjet.2024.v12i12.005

Pages: 363-373

The sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limits for pollutants, toxins, and trace elements have been greatly improved by developments in nanoparticle-enhanced spectroscopic methods, which have completely changed environmental monitoring. These cutting-edge techniques use the special physicochemical qualities of nanoparticles, such as their high surface-to-volume ratio, adjustable optical properties, and surface plasmon resonance to enhance spectroscopic signals and make ultra-trace analysis possible. These days, methods such as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors, nanoparticle-assisted fluorescence spectroscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are essential for accurately identifying environmental contaminants. Additionally, the problem of complicated sample matrices may be addressed by integrating functionalized nanoparticles with spectroscopic devices to enable targeted detection of certain pollutants. The utilization of hybrid nanostructures for multimodal detection, bimetallic nanoparticles for synergistic enhancing effects, and machine learning algorithms to evaluate spectroscopic data for real-time monitoring are examples of emerging developments. By making it possible to identify contaminants at sub-nanogram levels, these developments not only improve environmental safety but also make it easier to comply with strict regulatory requirements. The most recent developments in nanoparticle-enhanced spectroscopic methods are examined in this study, along with their useful applications in environmental monitoring and the difficulties associated with field deployment, scalability, and repeatability. The information provided highlights how revolutionary nanotechnology can be in protecting the environment.