DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2025.v13i01.002

Pages: 17-22

Introduction: Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) manifests as a distinctive benign clinical entity marked by the proliferation of nodules within the peritoneal and subperitoneal layers. LPD poses diagnostic challenges due to its unique presentation, yet it typically follows a benign trajectory with minimal risk of malignant transformation. Presentation of Case: A 38-year-old female with a pain in the left iliac fossa which has progressed to a gradual distension of the abdomen, proceeded to our institution for neoadjuvant treatment of abdominal and pelvic masses which were firstly considered as desmoid tumor. The histologic diagnosis of the mass lesions revealed smooth muscle benign cells. This is the first case of LPD reported in Casablanca Oncology and Radiotherapy Ibn Rochd Center. A meticulous review of the literature was conducted as well. Discussion: The differential diagnosis of LPD is difficult due to its clinical resemblance with intra-abdominal desmoid tumor, peritoneal carcinomatosis, metastatic lesions and with benign metastasizing leiomyoma as well. Etiological factors, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations which lead to a safe diagnosis of LPD are adequately described. Conclusion: Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is a rare benign condition prone to recurrence, particularly in patients with a history of uterine fibroid surgery. Biopsy is essential for differential diagnosis. We recommend, based on the experience from this clinical case, that an exploratory laparotomy should be performed whenever the clinical and histological context raises suspicion of LPD, to offer a better chance of effective management. For patients who wish to preserve their fertility, medical treatment with aromatase inhibitors or selective progesterone receptor modulators may facilitate conservative surgery options. For patients without reproductive desires, total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and debulking of affected ....