DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2025.v13i01.015

Pages: 88-94

Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin synthesized through sunlight exposure, is integral to numerous physiological processes, including immune modulation, insulin sensitivity, and hormonal regulation. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine disorder in women, is characterized by hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, and metabolic dysfunction. Research indicates a significant prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in women with PCOS, implicating its role in pathogenesis and symptom management. Vitamin D influences PCOS-related insulin resistance, reproductive dysfunction, and hyperandrogenism by modulating gene transcription, calcium homeostasis, and inflammatory pathways. Observational and interventional studies reveal potential improvements in insulin sensitivity, menstrual regularity, and fertility with vitamin D supplementation, although the evidence remains inconclusive. Addressing vitamin D deficiency, particularly in obese women with PCOS, may mitigate cardiovascular risks and enhance therapeutic outcomes. Further randomized controlled trials are essential to clarify its efficacy in managing PCOS and associated metabolic disturbances.