DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2025.v13i01.015

Pages: 148-158

Materials powered by nanoparticles have become essential for developing high-performance technologies, especially in the areas of energy storage and wastewater treatment. The design, production, and use of nanoparticles to address important issues in various fields are thoroughly examined in this study. Heavy metals, organic pollutants, and pathogens may be effectively removed from wastewater thanks to the special physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles, which include large surface area, adjustable porosity, and improved reactivity. Similarly, nanoparticles are essential for improving energy density, charge-discharge rates, and lifespan stability in batteries because they can enhance ion transport dynamics and electrode performance. Innovations in functionalized nanoparticles, hybrid nanocomposites, and scalable synthesis techniques have been made possible by the integration of multidisciplinary approaches, such as materials science, nanotechnology, and environmental engineering. These developments have helped close the gap between laboratory research and practical applications, engaging a wide range of professionals in the process. Alongside the promise of new developments like green synthesis, issues like toxicity, environmental effect, and cost-efficiency are rigorously analyzed. It's important to consider the ethical implications of nanoparticle use, particularly in terms of their potential environmental impact and effects on human health. Another promising development is 'machine learning-driven material optimization, a process that uses machine learning algorithms to design and optimize nanoparticle-driven materials for specific applications, thereby enhancing their performance and efficiency. By providing a comprehensive picture of the current situation and prospective future paths, this study aims to inform the audience about the role of nanoparticles in high-performance technologies.