DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjavs.2025.v12i01.006

Pages: 64-73

The intersection of plant genetics and biotechnology represents a transformative approach to addressing some of the most pressing global challenges, including food security, climate change, and sustainable resource management. Advances in genomic editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have enabled precise modifications in plant genomes, facilitating the development of high-yield, stress-tolerant, and nutrient-enriched crops. This review explores integrating traditional plant breeding techniques with cutting-edge biotechnological innovations, emphasizing their collective potential to enhance agricultural productivity while reducing environmental impact. A key scientific aspect of this research is the role of genomics in uncovering plant resistance mechanisms against pests and diseases. The article discusses bioengineering strategies to improve photosynthetic efficiency and deploy genetically modified crops for biofortification and renewable energy production. Additionally, the study examines the ethical, regulatory, and sociological consequences of genetically altered plants, particularly emphasizing the significance of public acceptance and equal access to these technologies. This article thoroughly explains how plant genetics and biotechnology form a resilient and sustainable future in agriculture and beyond by combining recent research and new developments. Ultimately, this will support international initiatives to fight hunger, slow climate change, and promote environmental preservation.