DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2019.v07i12.069

Pages: 4179-4184

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) represents a spectrum of kidney disorders with varying severity, demonstrating notable discrepancies in occurrence and outcomes between developed and developing countries. AKI may develop among the hospitalized patient during the course of hospitalization. This prospective study aims to provide comprehensive insights into Hospital-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury (HAAKI) across medical, surgical, and ICU settings. Methods: The study enrolled adult patients 18 years- above, of genders who were admitted in medical, surgical, ICU setup with normal kidney function but who developed AKI 48 hours after hospitalization. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and distribution analyses to explore various aspects of HAAKI. Results: The incidence of HAAKI in medical, surgical and ICU units were 0.78%,0.74%and 1.51% respectively. Temporal analysis showed variations in HAAKI onset in different units, with the ICU presenting a higher proportion of severe cases. Pre-renal causes, predominantly drugs played a significant role, while renal causes, including sepsis, exhibited unit-specific variability. Hemodialysis was most frequently used in the ICU (30.6%), and outcomes demonstrated unit-wise variations, with the highest mortality rate in the ICU (33.9%). Cox regression analysis highlighted factors influencing death or survival, including lower hazards in surgical units, increased hazards with malignancy, positive association with neurological diseases, and significantly lower hazards in AKI 1 and AKI 2 cases. Conclusions: This study sheds light on significant variations in age and sex distribution, primary diseases, and causes of HAAKI across diverse setting in hospitals. These findings emphasize the imperative for unit specific considerations in managing HAAKI cases.