DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2025.v13i01.018

Pages: 177-189

Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Aquaculture has become a major industry in the world's fish production and is an essential source of protein for human consumption. However, the industry confronts various obstacles, including disease outbreaks, which can result in severe economic losses. Fish infections are mostly controlled by drug administration, immunoprophylaxis, ecologically integrated control, etc. Chemical medications and a variety of antibiotics have long been the mainstays in the prevention and treatment of aquatic diseases. However, prolonged usage of chemical inputs harms fish and aquaculture environments in addition to increasing the resistance of pathogenic bacteria. The use of autogenous vaccines has drawn interest recently as a potential method of treating health problems in tilapia agricultural practices. The safest and most efficient methods for preventing infections in aquatic animals and maintaining the sustainability and well-being of aquaculture are the creation and application of autogenous vaccines. This review study delves deeply into the application of autogenous vaccines in tilapia, including their development, mechanisms of action, methods of administration, effectiveness, challenges, and future prospects. The aim of this review is to provide perspectives on the current potential of autogenous vaccines in improving the sustainability and health of tilapia aquaculture by utilizing the most recent research findings and practical applications.