DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2025.v13i02.006

Pages: 322-325

The ABO and Rh blood group systems are fundamental to the fields of transfusion medicine and blood banking, with the ABO system's discovery by Karl Landsteiner in 1900 marking a significant milestone in these domains. The distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups significantly varies across different populations and is crucial for effective blood bank management and transfusion services. A cross-sectional study was conducted on first year MBBS medical students in the Dinajpur Medical College, Dinajpur, Bangladesh from January to December 2021. Total of 120 medical students, 40 males and 80 females, samples were collected by finger prick method under aseptic precautions. The ABO blood grouping and Rhesus factors (Rh) typing determined by glass slide method, which is based on antigen antibody agglutination. ABO blood group system classifies blood groups of people into four different types namely A, B, O and AB. The need for the study of frequency distribution of blood group is multipurpose. Out of total 120 participants 80 were female students and 40 were male students. Among the most common blood group was O (42.5%) followed by B (29.2%), A (16.6%), AB (11.6%). 80.8 % students were Rh positive and 19.2 % were Rh negative and O + is (30.8%) commonest blood group among 120 students and A- and AB – are rarest blood groups (1.6%). This study may enable us to contact individuals belonging to a particular blood group at times of medical emergencies when blood transfusion is required. Knowledge of blood group distribution is important for clinical studies, for reliable geographical information, blood bank management and for forensic studies in the population. Such a study would create awareness about self-blood grouping and also enable one to prepare a database of the available blood groups which can be utilized during medical emergencies for safe blood transfusion.