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Scholars Journal of Physics, Mathematics and Statistics | Volume-12 | Issue-04
Phyllanthus Emblica Leaves and Fruits: A Spectroscopic Investigation Using Laser-Induced Breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), x-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Charged Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS)
Ubaid Ullah Khalil, Zahid Muhammad, Junaid Nisar, Nimra Shahzad, Madma Habib, Samra Naz
Published: May 10, 2025 |
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62
Pages: 79-88
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Abstract
1. In this study we investigate Phyllanthus Emblica (Commonly Amla) leaves and fruits through different spectroscopic techniques, like calibration free LIBS (CF-LIBS), X-ray Fluoresces (XRF), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP MS). The LIBS setup has Nd: YAG laser and is calibrated at its fundamental harmonic 1064nm and its energy is 400mJ. The basic principle of this spectroscopy is when laser interact with sample (Amla pellets in in this case) it generates plasma plume for the period of nanoseconds. The parameter of plasma such as Plasma Temperature was calculated by Boltzmann Plot Method. For our sample electron temperature calculated by this method is 8841.56021eV. The next step is the value of Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) for a neutral line of Iron (Fe) by Stark Broadening. Electron Number Density value for our samples is 2.493nm. After getting all these values we put it all of these in the formula and get values for weight and percentage concentration for both samples (Fruits and leaves of Amla). Quantitative Analysis of these samples we get 16 elements of leaves and 18 elements in fruits. Percentage Concentration in Amla leaves are Yttrium, Titanium, Tungsten, Bromine, Sodium, Cobalt, Thulium, Lanthanum, Vanadium, Manganese, Chromium, and Platinum. For the characteristics of the fruits are as Carbon, Thulium, Strontium, Potassium, Chromium, Manganese, Yttrium, Bismuth, Technetium, Cobalt, Iron, Scandium, Lanthanum, Titanium, Nickel, Molybdenum, Manganese. The results find through is by shining XRF device on Phyllanthus Emblica Leaves and fruits directly on its pellets and we get the results on the screen of the device. In XRF Results we obtained are given here for amla fruits are ZrO2 36.493%, MoO3 35.695%, Nb2O5 34.844%, Zr 27.032%, Nb 24.366%, Mg 24.265%, Mo 23.797%. XRF Results for leaves are Fe2O3 68.083%, Fe3O4 65.693%, FeO 61.408%, Fe 47.603%, ZrO2 22.337%, Mg 16.334%, Zr 16.543%, Nb2O5 10.406%, Mn 6.723% etc. Elemental concentratio