DOI: 10.36347/sjet.2020.v08i12.007

Pages: 241-248

This study explores the catalytic upgrading of bio-oil produced from fast pyrolysis of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), a high-yield, non-food biomass. By using a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor and a zeolite-based catalyst, the research aimed to improve the physicochemical properties of raw bio-oil, which is typically limited by high oxygen content, low energy density, and poor storage stability. The upgrading process led to a significant reduction in acidic and phenolic compounds, alongside an increase in hydrocarbon content and calorific value, from 18.2 MJ/kg to 28.5 MJ/kg. Analytical results, including GC-MS, elemental analysis, and distillation profiling, confirmed enhanced fuel characteristics suitable for green diesel applications. The study addresses existing gaps in the biofuel value chain for elephant grass and demonstrates the feasibility of decentralized, sustainable fuel production in biomass-rich regions. The findings contribute to the growing body of research on renewable energy and offer practical implications for rural energy development in countries like Nigeria.