DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2025.v13i05.066

Pages: 1039-1043

Chondrosarcomas originating primarily in the mediastinal compartment are extremely rare. Unlike other unusual tumors of the mediastinum, chondrosarcomas have been described in both the anterior and posterior mediastinum. The histopathological spectrum described in these mediastinal tumors is similar to that observed in soft tissues. In our current practice, diagnostic imaging plays an essential role in determining the mediastinal origin of any of these tumours. Therefore, in this review, we will outline more specific criteria for the diagnosis of chondrosarcomas, as well as the essential elements of their histopathological evaluation. In addition, we will discuss current knowledge of these entities and their differential diagnosis, which inevitably depends on the anatomical location of the tumor in the anterior or posterior mediastinum. We report a rare case of primary chondrosarcoma of the posterior mediastinum with unusual pathological features, namely the absence of anatomical relationship between the tumor and cartilage-containing organs, and the presence of parietal and pleural metastases