DOI: 10.36347/sasjm.2020.v06i02.011

Pages: 76-79

Introduction: Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common form of pediatric cardiomyopathy. It’s a myocardial disorder characterized by an alteration of the contraction of the left ventricular. Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytic retrospective study among 45 children across the pediatric and cardiology Departments of the Mohamed VI university hospital center of Marrakech. Results: The average age was 3 years. The predominant sex was male. The heart failure (HF) was the most frequent presentation in this study (31 cases). Trans-thoracic echocardiography showed a dilated left ventricle and an alterated ejection fraction in all cases. It was severe among 21 patients (45%), mid-range in 13 cases (29%), and moderate in 9cases (26%). The most of patients had a standard laboratory test, an etiological biology test of the dilated cardiomyopathy. The most frequent etiology in our study was viral myocarditis in 20 cases. The evolution was favorable with medical therapy in 20 patients. Eight patients died and seven child lost to follow up. Discussion: Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common form of cardiomyopathy and the leading cause of heart transplantation in children. The prognosis is severe since we observe a mortality of more than 50% at five years. Echocardiography is the most used mode of exploration. It makes it possible to highlight dilation with the increase in the left ventricular diameter and the decrease in the fraction of left ventricular ejection .The etiological diagnostic approach is guided by the circumstances of the onset of CMD. The therapy of CMD is that of left heart failure, and consists of the combination of the maximum tolerated dose of an ACE inhibitor, a diuretic, a beta-blocker and spironolactone. Conclusion: Dilated cardiomyopathy is frequent disease among children. In pediatric population, we must eliminate first a secondary cause and then search a metabolic and genetic disease.