DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2025.v13i06.016

Pages: 819-830

Phyllanthus emblica L. (Indian gooseberry or Amla) is a well-known medicinal plant with high therapeutic and nutritional value. The plant is rich in tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and ascorbic acid, which are responsible for its strong antioxidant activity. Prominent constituents like emblicanin A and B, gallic acid, and ellagic acid validate its antioxidant activity against oxidative stress and control over metabolic processes. Pharmacological studies show that it is effective against inflammation, hyperglycemia, cancer cell growth, hepatic injury, and microbial infections. Anti-diabetic action is due to its effect on glucose metabolism and the vascular system, whereas anticancer efficacy is due to inhibition of tumorigenic transcription factors and cell growth. P. emblica further influences immune functions, improves liver function, and gives relief from the gastrointestinal system through laxative and antidiarrheal activities. Evidence also shows its radio-protective and anti-mutagenic effects. Such effects are verified through in vivo and in vitro tests, though more studies are needed to determine the exact mechanisms and active compounds. Although it has a vast traditional history of use and encouraging bioactivities, the clinical utility of P. emblica is currently restricted owing to a lack of standardization and controlled human trials. This review discusses its taxonomic classification, dense phytochemical content, and varied pharmacological activities, also underscoring the imperative need for more advanced research in terms of isolation of compounds, studies on molecular interactions, and clinical validation to unleash its full therapeutic potential. P. emblica may be an important contender for evidence-based inclusion into contemporary pharmacotherapy.