DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2025.v13i07.009

Pages: 1405-1410

Background: Cigarette smoking is an established, modifiable risk factor for renal damage, yet its impact on renal morphology remains under-investigated the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the duration of cigarette smoking and renal dimensions (length, width, parenchymal thickness, and cortical thickness) among Sudanese adults using ultrasound imaging. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum, Sudan, from January to September 2022. The study included 106 adults: 46 cigarette smokers and 60 non-smokers (controls). Renal dimensions were measured for both kidneys using ultrasonography. Data on smoking duration were collected from the smokers. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare dimensions between groups, and Pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship between smoking duration and renal measurements. Results: Smokers had a significantly greater left kidney width compared to non-smokers (p = 0.048). There were no other significant differences in the real dimensions between the groups. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the duration of smoking and the length of the right kidney (r = -0.303, p = 0.041) and the left kidney (r = -0.368, p = 0.012). Other renal dimensions did not show a significant correlation with smoking duration. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a longer duration of cigarette smoking is associated with a decrease in renal length in Sudanese adults. This finding suggests a chronic, subclinical impact of smoking on renal morphology, highlighting the importance of smoking cessation in preserving kidney health.