DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2025.v13i07.006

Pages: 917-925

Mycotoxins are fungi-produced toxins that can be found virtually wherever on Earth. Not all fungus create mycotoxins, and some species are capable of producing multiple types of toxins. Mycotoxins enter the body either directly or indirectly by the consumption of fungi-contaminated foods, such as meat, grains, fruits, and vegetables. Eating them results in a variety of harmful effects, ranging from acute toxicity to long-term illnesses or chronic diseases. Some of them trigger outbreaks of human poisoning. Aflatoxin, which causes liver cancer, and ochratoxin, which causes cancer and renal illness, are two examples. Furthermore, fumonisin toxins have been linked to poor growth, nervous system malfunction, and esophageal cancer in both humans and animals. While the toxin of deoxynivalenol is known as Vomitoxin, it is one of the most frequent trichochene compounds in this group and a major contamination of corn, wheat, and barley. From a long time ago to the present, we have noted that various significant studies on mycotoxins have been done in order to understand their mechanism of action in animals and manage them. This study looks at some of the most recent research on the biological effects of four forms of mycotoxins that are now relevant and dangerous to humans and animals: deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, aflatoxins, and ochratoxins.