DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjet.2025.v13i08.006

Pages: 664-672

The rapid evolution of energy storage technologies demands advanced materials that overcome the inherent limitations of conventional lithium-ion and solid-state batteries. Nanomaterials, with their unique physicochemical properties, have emerged as pivotal candidates for enhancing electrochemical performance, stability, and safety. This review presents a physics-driven exploration of cutting-edge nanomaterials, emphasizing their role in addressing critical challenges such as ion transport kinetics, interfacial stability, and mechanical degradation. We first discuss fundamental principles governing nanomaterial behavior in batteries, including quantum confinement effects, surface energy contributions, and nanoscale ion diffusion mechanisms. Next, we analyze recent breakthroughs in nanostructured electrodes—such as silicon-based anodes, high-entropy cathodes, and 2D material composites—that enable high capacity and long cycle life. For solid-state batteries, we evaluate nanostructured solid electrolytes and interface engineering strategies that suppress dendrite growth while improving ionic conductivity. Advanced characterization techniques and computational modeling are highlighted as essential tools for understanding and optimizing nanomaterial performance. Finally, we identify key challenges in scalability, manufacturing, and long-term stability, offering perspectives on future research directions, including sustainable nanomaterial design and integration with next-generation battery chemistries. This review bridges fundamental science with practical applications, providing insights for researchers working at the intersection of nanotechnology and energy storage.