DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2025.v13i11.013

Pages: 1870-1875

Background: Epistaxis is one of the most common otolaryngological emergencies worldwide, ranging from mild self-limiting bleeding to life-threatening hemorrhage. In Bangladesh, epistaxis is a frequent cause of ENT emergency visits, yet comprehensive hospital-based data on its patterns, etiologies, and management remain limited. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological profile, etiological factors, management strategies, and treatment outcomes of epistaxis in tertiary care hospitals of Bangladesh. Methods: A descriptive, observational study was conducted over nine months (January–September 2024) in selected tertiary care hospitals across Bangladesh. A total of 180 patients presenting with anterior or posterior epistaxis were included. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, causes, comorbidities, treatment methods, and outcomes were collected using a structured form. Descriptive statistics summarized findings, and associations between clinical variables and outcomes were assessed using Chi-square and t-tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean age of patients was 45.8 ± 12.2 years (range 18–78), with females accounting for 54.4% of cases. Rural residents comprised 53.3%. Anterior epistaxis was most common (56.7%), followed by posterior (25.6%) and combined (13.3%). Trauma (15.6%), coagulopathy (15.6%), and idiopathic causes (13.3%) were leading etiologies. Nasal packing was the most frequent initial treatment (45.0%), followed by cauterization (20.0%) and medication (16.1%). Surgical intervention was required in 18.9% of cases. Rebleeding occurred in 25% of patients. Type of epistaxis, presence of comorbidities, and initial treatment method were significantly associated with both rebleeding and surgical intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Epistaxis in Bangladeshi tertiary care hospitals is predominantly anterior and frequently managed with nasal packing. Conservative measures remain effective in most cases, though recurrence is more likel