DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjet.2025.v13i12.004

Pages: 902-909

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative innovation in civil engineering, offering new possibilities for enhancing the mechanical, durability, and functional properties of construction materials. The integration of nanomaterials such as nano-silica, titanium dioxide (TiO₂), carbon nanotubes, and graphene significantly improves strength, permeability resistance, self-cleaning, and sensing capabilities in cementitious composites. This study reviews the mechanisms by which nanomaterials influence hydration, pore structure refinement, and microstructural densification. It also highlights advances in dispersion techniques, dosage optimization, and environmental safety considerations. Despite remarkable laboratory results, large-scale adoption remains limited due to cost, handling complexities, and the need for standardized testing. The paper concludes that with continued research and safer-by-design approaches, nanotechnology can play a crucial role in developing sustainable, durable, and intelligent civil infrastructure.