DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2023.v11i12.024

Pages: 2148-2152

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age and is frequently associated with metabolic abnormalities, including obesity and vitamin D deficiency. Increasing evidence suggests that low vitamin D levels may contribute to the pathophysiology and severity of PCOS. However, data exploring the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and vitamin D status among Bangladeshi women with PCOS remain limited. Methods: This case–control study was conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine, Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College Hospital, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh, from July 2021 to June 2023. A total of 202 women of reproductive age were enrolled, comprising 101 women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria and 101 age-matched women without PCOS as controls. Anthropometric measurements were recorded and BMI was calculated and categorized. Results: The mean age of participants was comparable between cases (24.27 ± 6.49 years) and controls (24.30 ± 6.54 years). Mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in PCOS women (19.28 ± 6.10 ng/mL) compared with controls (27.45 ± 5.87 ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 69.3% of PCOS women versus 19.8% of controls. Overweight was more prevalent among PCOS women (48.5%) and vitamin D deficiency was highest among overweight PCOS participants (48.6%). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among women with PCOS and is strongly associated with higher BMI. Routine screening and targeted interventions addressing both vitamin D status and weight management may improve clinical outcomes in women with PCOS.