DOI: 10.36347/sjams.2015.v03i09.063

Pages: 3461-3468

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, significantly influencing menstrual cycle regularity, ovulatory function, and fertility potential. Subclinical and overt thyroid abnormalities disrupt the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, resulting in variable reproductive manifestations. Given the high prevalence of thyroid disorders in South Asian populations, understanding their clinical implications remains a public health priority. Aim: This study assessed the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and menstrual irregularities, as well as their combined impact on fertility outcomes among reproductive-age women attending the Department of Gynecology at Chalmeda Anand Rao Medical College, Karimnagar, Telangana, India. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2015 among 475 women aged 18–45 years. Thyroid function was assessed using serum TSH, T3, and T4 levels, while menstrual and fertility patterns were evaluated through structured interviews, clinical examinations, and relevant laboratory investigations. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to determine associations between thyroid status and reproductive outcomes. Results: Hypothyroidism was significantly associated with oligomenorrhea, menorrhagia, and anovulatory infertility. Hyperthyroidism showed strong links with polymenorrhea and ovulatory dysfunction. Fertility outcomes were notably poorer among women with abnormal thyroid profiles than among euthyroid participants. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction plays a crucial role in altering menstrual patterns and lowering fertility outcomes among reproductive-age women. Early detection and timely management of thyroid abnormalities may significantly improve reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes.