DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2026.v15i02.001

Pages: 32-41

Bilosomes are emerging as a highly versatile and effective nanocarrier system in modern drug delivery. It offers improved stability, enhanced permeation, and targeted delivery of therapeutic moieties. Structurally, bilosomes consist of bile salts integrated into the lipid bilayers, which enhances vesicles stability and promote transit across biological barriers like skin and mucous membrane. This review highlights the fundamental components of bilosomes, various formulation techniques such as thin-film hydration, ethanol injection, and microfluidization, and physicochemical and biological evaluation parameters critical for their characterization. Furthermore, it explores the broad spectrum of bilosomal applications, including oral, transdermal, ocular, and intranasal routes for the delivery of diverse therapeutic agents such as antidiabetics, antidepressants, antibiotics, and anticancer drugs. The authors also made an attempt to include various release kinetics along with mechanisms. The review discusses the incorporation of bilosomes in innovative areas like vaccine delivery and gene therapy. Finally, future perspectives emphasize the need for advanced formulation strategies, scale-up technologies, and clinical validation to realize the full potential of bilosomes in precision medicine and commercial pharmaceutical applications are tried for incorporation.