DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2026.v14i05.041

Pages: 1035-1039

Esophagobronchial fistula is a rare and potentially fatal complication observed in patients with thoracic malignancies. It may result from direct tumor invasion, treatment-induced necrosis, or a combination of both. Sarcomatoid lung carcinoma is an uncommon and aggressive subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, frequently associated with poor prognosis and complex local complications. We report the case of a patient with locally advanced thoracic sarcomatoid carcinoma undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and a family history of esophageal cancer. The initial clinical presentation included progressive dyspnea, nocturnal dry cough, dysphagia, and rapid weight loss. An initial esophagogastroduodenoscopy was unremarkable. During follow-up, the patient developed worsening dysphagia associated with postprandial cough. Repeat endoscopic evaluation revealed an esophageal orifice with ulcerated periorificial mucosa, suggestive of an esophagobronchial fistula. Thoracic imaging subsequently confirmed the diagnosis.This case underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for esophagobronchial fistula in patients with aggressive lung cancers presenting with dysphagia and postprandial cough during treatment. Early recognition and prompt radiological and endoscopic assessment are essential to reduce morbidity and improve clinical outcomes.