DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2026.v14i05.059

Pages: 1117-1121

Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease primarily linked to infection with Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean region. The clinical and biological manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis are often misleading, particularly with pseudo-hematologic symptoms. Our study aims to report on the main morphological abnormalities of the bone marrow in two hospitalized children with infantile visceral leishmaniasis at the Mohamed VI University Hospital Center in Marrakech. General deterioration and splenomegaly were the dominant clinical findings. On a biological level, pancytopenia was consistent in both patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating the parasite in the bone marrow. On myelogram, there were quantitative and qualitative abnormalities across cellular lineages, sometimes accompanied by hemophagocytosis. Knowledge of these abnormalities associated with visceral leishmaniasis can help to suspect this parasitic disease and encourage the biologist to search for Leishmania bodies on bone marrow smears.