DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2026.v14i05.037

Pages: 862-870

Background: Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a benevolent yet troublesome inflammatory disease of the breasts that is mistakenly identified as cancer every now and then in the brazen manner medical experts thought it was. It is also multifactorial and poorly understood, especially in low-income, high-tuberculosis (TB) burden countries like coastal Bangladesh. Objective: To establish the clinical spectrum and determine the related risk factors of GM among women living in the Bangladesh coastal regions. Methodology: The study methods included a retrospective observational study in the tertiary hospitals located along the coastal areas of Bangladesh between April 2023 and March 2025. A hundred histopathologically confirmed GM female patients aged 18 years were included. Histopathological results, imaging presentations, clinical presentations, and therapeutic outcomes, as well as possible risk factors, were analysed. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression techniques were used in statistical analyses to identify the predictors of duct ectasia. Findings: Patients had a median age of 33.1 years, and 78 per cent of them were between 20 and 40 years old. The clinical manifestations were characterised by breast pain (26.5%) and palpable lumps (26.5%). Most of them had a history of pregnancy (82%) and breastfeeding (82%), whereas diabetes mellitus (65%) and previous TB (35%) were prominent comorbidities. Six point four per cent of duct ectasia by imaging was detected using ultrasound, and eleven point three per cent using a mammography, and histopathology revealed non-caseating granulomas in 99 per cent of the cases. Ducted involvement was closely related to advancing age (aOR=1.05), reduced BMI (aOR=0.86), predisposition to TB (aOR=3.00), and the caseating granulomas, as well as multinucleated giant cells (aOR=3.50). There were lower odds of duct ectasia (aOR=0.43) with corticosteroid therapy. There was full resolution of patients after the surgery; no case was report