DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2026.v12i09.022

Pages: 941-946

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic inflammatory disorders of the skin and affects adolescents and adults worldwide. Although rarely medically serious, acne can cause significant psychological burden, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and permanent scarring. Management should therefore address both the severity of active disease and the risk of long-term complications. This review provides a practical, guideline-based approach to the assessment and treatment of acne vulgaris in primary care. Current guidelines support topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide and combination therapies as important first-line treatments. Oral tetracyclines may be added for moderate-to-severe acne. Hormonal treatments, including combined oral contraceptives and spironolactone, may be useful in selected female patients. Oral isotretinoin remains the most effective systemic treatment for severe acne and should be considered early in patients with severe cystic disease, significant scarring, substantial psychosocial burden or inadequate response to standard first- and second-line treatments. Pregnancy requires particular attention, with topical and systemic retinoids and tetracyclines avoided. Treatment response should be reviewed regularly, with maintenance therapy considered in patients at high risk of relapse. Early recognition and effective treatment can reduce both psychosocial morbidity and permanent scarring.