DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2026.v14i10.005

Pages: 2131-2143

Bio-inspired self-healing nanostructures mimic biological repair processes skin regeneration, bone remodeling, plant vascular reconnection using dynamic covalent chemistry, supramolecular assembly, hydrogen bonding, and metal-ligand coordination to recover mechanical strength, conductivity, and catalytic activity after damage. In environmental remediation, they resist the catalyst deactivation and fatigue limiting conventional photocatalysts, adsorbents, and membranes, sustaining degradation of dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and heavy metals over far more cycles. In biomedical diagnostics, the same repair logic enables biosensors, wearables, implants, and wound dressings that tolerate repeated mechanical deformation without losing sensitivity. AI and computational modeling are now accelerating design by predicting healing efficiency before synthesis, though scalable fabrication, long-term stability, nanotoxicity, and regulatory approval remain unresolved. This review covers the biological inspiration, material classes, healing mechanisms, applications, and key challenges facing this field.