DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2026.v14i10.030

Pages: 2244-2249

Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB), also known as olfactory neuroblastoma, is a rare malignant neuroectodermal tumor of the sinonasal tract thought to arise from the olfactory neuroepithelium. We report a retrospective, descriptive series of six patients with ENB managed at the Radiotherapy Department of the National Institute of Oncology (CHU Avicenne), Rabat, Morocco, between 2020 and 2025, together with a review of the literature. The series included three men and three women aged 21 to 64 years (mean, 40 years). The mean time to consultation was 6 months (range, 2 months to 1 year). Presenting symptoms were mainly sinonasal and ocular, including unilateral nasal obstruction (n = 5), epistaxis (n = 4), ocular signs (n = 4), and sinonasal pain (n = 3). Computed tomography showed Kadish stage C disease in five patients and stage D disease in one. Tumors were Hyams grade I in three cases, grade II in two, and grade III in one. Four patients underwent surgery followed by radiotherapy, delivered with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (66–70 Gy) or intensity-modulated radiotherapy. One patient received palliative chemotherapy, and one patient with extensive locoregional disease received symptomatic treatment only. Complete remission was achieved in two patients after 3 years of follow-up; disease progression occurred in one patient, tumor recurrence in two, and one patient died. ENB is frequently diagnosed at a locally advanced stage. Combined surgery and radiotherapy remain the standard curative approach, and multidisciplinary management with long-term surveillance is essential given the risk of late recurrence.