DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2026.v14i10.048

Pages: 2332-2335

Introduction: Reports of mediastinal chondrosarcoma are very rare. We report the first case of primary chondrosarcoma of the posterior mediastinum in our department which was a successful R0 resection by Uniportal VATS of this rare entity. Case Presentation: A 39-year-old woman with a medical history of cholecystectomy four years ago, without any history of personal or familiar cancer. The patient complains of insomnia and posterior chest pain with a VAS (8/10) gradually increasing over 3 months. The clinical examination was strictly normal, with no palpable chest mass, and the lymph node areas were free. Vital values were normal. On the chest CT scan, we noted a posterior mediastinal mass of tissue density and measured (43 x39x39 mm) next to the costovertebral groove level at D4D5D6. An MRI dorsal lumbar spine was then requested which revealed a posterior mediastinal mass, located on the left costovertebral level at D5D6, with regular contours without infiltration of the spinal cord, measuring (47x51x49 mm), in T1 hyposignal and T2 hypersignal. This appearance was suggestive of a spinal schwannoma. After a multidisciplinary consultation, the decision was to perform a complete resection of this mass by uniportal vats, which was successfully achieved. Histological examination revealed a mediastinal chondrosarcoma with R0 resection margins. The patient is currently in perfect health and no longer feels chest pain after 3 months of surgery and the control CT scan shows no recurrence. Discussion: Primary chondrosarcomas arising in the mediastinal compartment are exceedingly rare. The clinical manifestations of patients with any type of mediastinal mass is that of compression of adjacent structures and consequently, these individuals may present with symptoms of dyspnea, cough, chest pain, back pain, or other non-specific symptoms. On the other hand, several patients will be asymptomatic and their mediastinal tumor may be discovered during a routine radiographic examinat