DOI: 10.36347/sajb.2020.v08i08.001

Pages: 221-237

The intent of human being in the process of modernisation and becoming supernatural power to conquer the world lead to disaster to the mankind. In the process failed to realise the facts of infections which can be pandemic and take the lives of kith and kin even in the yester years and now also in the 21st century. The most fatal pandemic recorded in human history was the Black Death (also known as The Plague), which killed an estimated 75–200 million people in the 14th century [2-7]. Other notable pandemics include the 1918 influenza pandemic (Spanish flu) and the 2009 influenza pandemic (H1N1) [8-10]. The 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st century were noticed with number of diseases transmitted with bacteria and viruses. These diseases were transmitted on pandemicity and caused calamities, the socioeconomic status shattered. Current pandemics include HIV/AIDS and the 2019-20 Coronavirus. “An emerging infectious disease (EID) is one that has appeared and affected a population for the first time, or has existed previously but is rapidly increasing, either in terms of the number of new cases within a population, or its spread to new geographical areas” (e.g. SARS) [41]. There is no clear evidence on whether and how prior exposure to a strain of CoV can produce permanent immunity against the strain species or even cross-immunity for other CoV species [47]. At present 1.28% of GDP, India’s expenditure on health is still low although higher than before!!! Developed nations—the US (16.9%), Germany (11.2%), France (11.2%) and Japan (10.9%)—spend even more. India spends the least among BRICS countries: Brazil spends the most (9.2%), followed by South Africa (8.1%), Russia (5.3%), China (5%).