DOI: 10.36347/sasjm.2021.v07i02.002

Pages: 38-40

The diagnosis of Spontaneous rupture of the spleen is sometimes misleading, it is an exceptional complication, it usually occurs in children and the recent expatriate. A 34-year-old Moroccan soldier, assigned to the center of Africa for a humanitarian mission, under chemoprophylaxis based on Mefloquine, was hospitalized in April 2018 for a febrile syndrome with a sensitive abdomen. After initiation of Mefloquine therapy, he developed hemodynamic instability related to intra-abdominal bleeding related to spontaneous rupture of the spleen due to plasmodium oval, which required hemostatic splenectomy. The outcome was favorable after surgery. Spontaneous splenic rupture is the prerogative of Plasmodium vivax and falciparum; about twenty cases have been reported in the literature. Conservative treatment helps preserve the role of the spleen in the immune response, especially in children and people traveling to endemic areas.