DOI: 10.21276/sasjs.2018.4.10.3

Pages: 196-198

Genetic predispositions are present in 10% of children with cancer worldwide. In our study, we were interested in familial thyroid cancers and more specifically in medullary thyroid cancer. Medullary thyroid cancer, despite its rarity, arouses great interest, given its inheritance in more than 25% of cases. This cancer is often caused by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, related to a mutation of protooncogene RET. This work is based on two parts: a literature review and our retrospective study of three children hospitalized in the child surgery department at the Rabat Children's Hospital. Subjects underwent total thyroidectomy for curative treatment of medullary thyroid cancer for one case and prophylactic for two carriers of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A The bibliographic results are consistent with the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical, genetic and therapeutic results of our study. The genetic study of these familial cancers makes it possible to better target the indications for surgical management. In the face of these genetic predispositions, some studies recommend that children be cared for, as well as their families, who have a risk factor in the broad sense.